See comunen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "common"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "commune"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "common"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "commone"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "commoun"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "commoune"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comuner"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French comuner",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "comun",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "shared, common"
},
"expansion": "comun (“shared, common”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French comuner and comunier; equivalent to comun (“shared, common”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "comuneth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comunende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comunynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comuned",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "comunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to comunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comuned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comunest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comunedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comuneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comuned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "comuned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comuneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comunede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comuneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comunynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comunende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comuned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "comone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comoun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "communen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comyne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "komown",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "communy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "comunen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "comun"
},
"expansion": "comunen (third-person singular simple present comuneth, present participle comunende, comunynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle comuned)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "comun",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To connect, come together, or join up with:",
"To partner or associate with."
],
"id": "en-comunen-enm-verb-7DhX3C3A",
"links": [
[
"connect",
"connect"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"join up",
"join up"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
],
[
"associate",
"associate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To connect, come together, or join up with:",
"To communicate with; to talk, especially to disseminate information."
],
"id": "en-comunen-enm-verb-Zq1vHgxV",
"links": [
[
"connect",
"connect"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"join up",
"join up"
],
[
"communicate",
"communicate"
],
[
"disseminate",
"disseminate"
],
[
"information",
"information"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To connect, come together, or join up with:",
"To take counsel or advice from; to confer."
],
"id": "en-comunen-enm-verb-nU6oXBuB",
"links": [
[
"connect",
"connect"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"join up",
"join up"
],
[
"counsel",
"counsel"
],
[
"advice",
"advice"
],
[
"confer",
"confer"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To connect, come together, or join up with:",
"To have sex with; to copulate."
],
"id": "en-comunen-enm-verb-CvDmZkkd",
"links": [
[
"connect",
"connect"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"join up",
"join up"
],
[
"have sex",
"have sex"
],
[
"copulate",
"copulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To connect, come together, or join up with:",
"(somewhat euphemistic) To have sex with; to copulate."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To share; to have or employ in common."
],
"id": "en-comunen-enm-verb-0us1ITyV",
"links": [
[
"share",
"share"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"common",
"common"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To be similar to; to match or resemble."
],
"id": "en-comunen-enm-verb-TPmXv4HS",
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"match",
"match"
],
[
"resemble",
"resemble"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 10 8 4 5 27 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 10 6 6 23 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 4 4 43 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 3 3 45 19 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Communication",
"orig": "enm:Communication",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 2 1 2 65 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To administer Holy Communion to."
],
"id": "en-comunen-enm-verb-Neo2zMHH",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"administer",
"administer"
],
[
"Holy Communion",
"Holy Communion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) To administer Holy Communion to."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "enm:Pathology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To proliferate or expand (of a disease)"
],
"id": "en-comunen-enm-verb-qt~hOhWA",
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"proliferate",
"proliferate"
],
[
"expand",
"expand"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology, rare) To proliferate or expand (of a disease)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To possess the right to use common land."
],
"id": "en-comunen-enm-verb-29nzt-lP",
"links": [
[
"property law",
"property law"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"right",
"right"
],
[
"common land",
"common land"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(property law, rare) To possess the right to use common land."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"law",
"property"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈmiu̯nən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmunən/",
"note": "with reduction"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmənən/",
"note": "with reduction"
}
],
"word": "comunen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Communication",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Sex"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "common"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "commune"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "common"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "commone"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "commoun"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "commoune"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comuner"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French comuner",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "comun",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "shared, common"
},
"expansion": "comun (“shared, common”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French comuner and comunier; equivalent to comun (“shared, common”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "comuneth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comunende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comunynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comuned",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "comunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to comunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comuned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comunest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comunedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comuneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comuned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "comuned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comunen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comuneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comunede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comuneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comunynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comunende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comuned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "comone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comoun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "communen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comyne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "komown",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "communy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "comunen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "comun"
},
"expansion": "comunen (third-person singular simple present comuneth, present participle comunende, comunynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle comuned)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "comun",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To connect, come together, or join up with:",
"To partner or associate with."
],
"links": [
[
"connect",
"connect"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"join up",
"join up"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
],
[
"associate",
"associate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To connect, come together, or join up with:",
"To communicate with; to talk, especially to disseminate information."
],
"links": [
[
"connect",
"connect"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"join up",
"join up"
],
[
"communicate",
"communicate"
],
[
"disseminate",
"disseminate"
],
[
"information",
"information"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To connect, come together, or join up with:",
"To take counsel or advice from; to confer."
],
"links": [
[
"connect",
"connect"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"join up",
"join up"
],
[
"counsel",
"counsel"
],
[
"advice",
"advice"
],
[
"confer",
"confer"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"To connect, come together, or join up with:",
"To have sex with; to copulate."
],
"links": [
[
"connect",
"connect"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"join up",
"join up"
],
[
"have sex",
"have sex"
],
[
"copulate",
"copulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To connect, come together, or join up with:",
"(somewhat euphemistic) To have sex with; to copulate."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To share; to have or employ in common."
],
"links": [
[
"share",
"share"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"common",
"common"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To be similar to; to match or resemble."
],
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"match",
"match"
],
[
"resemble",
"resemble"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"To administer Holy Communion to."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"administer",
"administer"
],
[
"Holy Communion",
"Holy Communion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) To administer Holy Communion to."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Pathology"
],
"glosses": [
"To proliferate or expand (of a disease)"
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"proliferate",
"proliferate"
],
[
"expand",
"expand"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology, rare) To proliferate or expand (of a disease)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Property law"
],
"glosses": [
"To possess the right to use common land."
],
"links": [
[
"property law",
"property law"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"right",
"right"
],
[
"common land",
"common land"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(property law, rare) To possess the right to use common land."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"law",
"property"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈmiu̯nən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmunən/",
"note": "with reduction"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmənən/",
"note": "with reduction"
}
],
"word": "comunen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for comunen meaning in Middle English (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.